A two-tiered system of analysis to tackle rice fraud: The Indian Basmati study

Demand for high quality Basmati rice has increased significantly in the last decade. This commodity is highly vulnerable to fraud, especially post COVID-19 era. A unique two-tiered analytical system comprised of rapid on-site screening samples using handheld portable Near-infrared NIR and laboratory confirmatory technique a Head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) strategy untargeted analysis was developed. Chemometric models built data correctly predicted nearly 100% Pusa 1121 Taraori, two value types Basmati, from potential adulterants. Furthermore, VOC profile fingerprints showed very good classification (R2 >0.9, Q2 > 0.9, Accuracy 0.99) these varieties adulterant with aldehydes identified as key marker compounds. Using method many alongside laboratory-based can classify varieties, protecting supply chain fraud.